The monolithic model is a way of structuring applications where all components are grouped into a single indivisible unit. From business logic to data access and user interface, everything lives in a single deployment.

# Origin and Historical Context

For years, the most natural way to develop software was in the form of a single program: an application that is compiled, packaged, and deployed as a whole. This approach is simple, direct, and was the standard for decades, especially in enterprise applications built with Java EE, .NET, PHP, and other popular environments.

# How Does a Monolithic App Work?

• A single codebase.

• All modules (controllers, services, repositories) are within the same project.

• A single common database.

• A single unit of deployment (WAR, JAR, ZIP, executable, etc.).

# Analogy: The Monolithic Restaurant

Imagine a restaurant where a single person cooks, charges, washes dishes, takes orders, and also manages the business. All in one body. It works well if there are few customers, but if the business grows, that person collapses.

# Technical Example (Spring Boot)

@RestController
public class ProductController {

  @Autowired
  private ProductService productService;

  @GetMapping("/products")
  public List list() {
    return productService.getAll();
  }
}

# When to Choose a Monolith?

Although it's fashionable to talk about microservices today, the truth is that many startups and small teams should start with monoliths. They are fast to develop, easy to test, and allow focusing on the business value.